Media Formulation Free Essays

Medium formulation is an essential stage in the design of fermentation process. Most fermentation media require liquid media, although some solid-substrate fermentations are also operated. Fermentation media must satisfy all the nutritional requirements of the microorganisms and fulfill the technical objectives of the process. We will write a custom essay sample on Media Formulation or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are several stages where media are required in a fermentation process; inoculum (starter culture), propagation steps, pilot-scale fermentations and the main production fermentations. According to Cruger W and Cruger A (1990); on a large scale, the sources of nutrients should be selected to create a medium which should meet as many as many possible of the following criteria: i. It should produce the maximum yield of product or biomass per gm of substrate used. ii. It should produce maximum concentration of product or biomass. iii. It should permit the maximum rate of product formation. iv. There should be the minimum yield of undesired products. v. It should be of a consistent quality and be readily available throughout the year. vi. It should cause minimal problems during media preparation and sterilization. vii. It should cause minimal problems in other aspects of the production process particularly aeration and agitation, extraction, purification and waste treatment. The initial step in media for media formulation is the examination of the overall process on the stoichiometery for growth and product formation. The optimization of a medium should be carried out such that it meets as many as possible of the seven criteria. Different combinations and sequences of process conditions have to be investigated to determine growth conditions (Stanbury P. F and Whitaker A; 1995). Medium optimization can be carried by the classical method, in which one independent variable is changed while keeping all others at a certain level. An aerobic fermentation process may be represented as: Carbon and energy source + Nitrogen source + O2 + other requirements Biomass + products + CO2 + H2O + heat This primarily involves consideration of the input of the carbon and nitrogen sources, minerals and oxygen and their conversion to cell biomass, metabolic products. Based on this information, it should be possible to calculate the minimum quantities of each element required to produce a certain quantity of biomass and metabolite According to Prasanthi V et al (2008); Chlorella vulgaris is a green, spherical, single celled fresh water microalga belongs to the phylum Chlorophyta. As per the study conducted so far it is found that green algae are the highest source of chlorophyll in the plant world and particularly, Chlorella one of the members of green algae is the richest source of chlorophyll which is widely used as a health food and feed supplement. The aim of this work is to design different medium types to evaluate optimization combinations for maximum growth, morphology and pigment content of C. vulgaris. Effect of glucose Three different volumes of glucose from apple juice while other variables are kept constant. The volumes that were used are 5g/l, 15g/l and 30g/l. The highest chlorophyll production (12%) was obtained with a glucose concentration of 15g/l. Glucose is used as a carbon source which is required for all biosynthesis leading to reproduction, product formation and cell maintenance. It also serves as the energy source. Carbon requirements may be determined from the biomass yield coefficient (Y), an index of the efficiency of conversion of a substrate into the cellular material: Ycarbon (g/g) = biomass produced (g) __________________ Glucose substrate utilized (g) An increase in glucose concentration of 30g/l resulted in the production of chlorophyll being at a constant this is because all the active sites of the microorganism are occupied and active carrying out biochemical reactions. At low glucose concentration of 5g/l very little biomass (chlorophyll) is obtained and also there is low growth rate. Thus, glucose concentration significantly influences chlorophyll production and microbial growth of the microorganism. Constraints that can be generated include the fact that apple juice not only contains one type of sugar, glucose but also contains other sugars (fructose and sucrose) which the microorganism can either utilise for growth resulting in us not obtaining accurate optimization results and also the other sugars can inhibit the growth of the microorganism. Apple juice also contains soluble pectin these can be difficult to digest hence a reduction in biomass. Effect of nitrogen from defatted soya Nitrogen being important constituent of the cell protein was needed for algal growth, either in combined or in molecular form. It is also a component of proteins nucleic acids some co-enzymes. Industrially important microorganisms can utilize both inorganic and organic nitrogen sources. Inorganic nitrogen may be supplied as ammonium salts, often ammonium sulphate and diammonium hydrogen phosphate, or ammonia; these can be used in place of defatted soya. Ammonia can also be used to adjust the pH of the fermentation. As nitrogen deficiency develops the amount of chlorophyll in the cells decreases faster than the nitrogen content in C. vulgaris. Nitrogen is a limiting factor if continually increased it can inhibit the production of chlorophyll. Varying concentrations of nitrogen were used i. e 0. 3g/l, 0,6g/l and 2. 0g/l. At 0. 3g/l little chlorophyll is obtained this is due to the fact that nitrogen being a macronutrient it is required in high concentration. At 0. 6g/l high yields of chlorophyll are obtained and at 2. 0g/l nitrogen turns to be a limiting factor and can lead to culture toxicity. Constraints can be generated when using Ammonia as a substitute for defatted soya this is due to the fact that ammonia leads to high pH which results in a precipitate formation in the medium but lower pH of the medium prevent the precipitation. Foaming in a microbiological process is due to media proteins that become attached to the air-broth interface where they denature to form stable foam. Non-treatment of foam may block air filters, resulting in loss of aseptic conditions. The foam production can be controlled by addition of chemical antifoam. Natural antifoams include plant oils (e. g. Soya, sunflower and rapeseed), hence defatted soya is used as a nitrogen source rather than ammonia. Also high concentrations of ammonium ions can be toxic to cells of the microbe. Effect of Mg2+ MgSO4 can be used as the source of magnesium. It promotes the maximum growth of the present alga and it is also incorporated as an enzyme co-factor component of chlorophyll. Three salt concentrations were used 0. 1g/l; 0. 5g/l and 1g/l. At low salt concentration of 0. 1g/l it results in a magnesium deficiency which interrupted cell division in Chlorella which results in abnormally large cell formation. Increase in salt concentration of 0. g/l and 1g/l of magnesium alone in the medium resulted in higher cell number, although increase in nitrogen alone did not make much difference that means cells need magnesium to synthesize chlorophyll. The process of multiplication requires a larger concentration of magnesium in the medium than does the production of cell material. Iron uptake is strictly r equired to optimize the process. References 1). Crueger W and Crueger A. 1990. A Textbook of Industrial Microbiology. Oxford. Panima Publishing Corporation. 2). Stansbury P. F and Whitaker A . 1995. Principles of fermentation technology. New York. Pergamon Press. 3). Prasanthi V, Yugandhar M. N, Vuddaraju S. P, Nalla K. K, Raju C. A. I and Donthireddy S. R. R. Optimization of the fermentation media using statistical approach and artificial neural networks for the production of chlorophyll by Chlorella vulgaris. International Journal of Natural and Engineering Sciences. 2008. 2 (3): 51-56 CHINHOYI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY NAME: Ngara Tanyaradzwa R REG NUMBER: C1110934J COURSE: Process Optimization and Production COURSE CODE: CUBT 208 PROGRAM: BSBIO Level 2:2 Assignment: 1 Lecturer Dr Zvidzai How to cite Media Formulation, Papers

Health Enhancing Nursing

Question: Describe about the Report for Health Enhancing of Nursing. Answer: Introduction Enhancing the health conditions of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities is an age-old challenge. Despite the fact that there have been achievements in some health care sectors such as remarkable reduction in the high frequency of child mortality since the year 1970. But the overall improvement has been inconsistent and slow. The disparity between other Australians and Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders is still high and has not been progressively decreased. A noteworthy percentage of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders are young individuals and there is a further challenge to conduct services and programs being competent to carry on with the impending demands of a growing population. If considerable strategies are not implemented immediately, there are great threats that the health status of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities could deteriorate. I truly believe that several changes are needed to decrease health inequality and as a health care profess ional it is my duty to do so. The deprived health condition of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populaces is familiar information. Substantial discriminations exist among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and non-Indigenous Australians, predominantly in association to communicable diseases and life expectancy (Kong and Ward 2015). I want to proceed with some health care strategies which can be effective for reducing the gap between indigenous and non-indigenous Australians is aims at key areas to attain highly responsive and effective health care structure. It will emphasis on community driven health care service area and social and emotional well-being. It is evident that high degrees of sexually transmitted diseases and comparatively higher frequency of HIV are prevalent among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. Thus, a highly effective strategy is needed to reduce the rate of STDs. Tobacco and alcohol abuse is also an alarming problem among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people (Li a nd McDermott 2015). My health care strategy will also target the increased prevalence of alcohol and tobacco abuse. My strategy is to conduct a health promotion program which will involve the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander community members. The main target of this health promotion program to raise awareness among these indigenous communities about STDs and addiction. Inadequate health knowledge is the main difficulty among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders and is associated with deprived health consequences (Hengel et al. 2014). Persons lacking health literacy fails to meet necessary health requirements which are essential for maintaining mental and physical well-being (Richardson and Stanbrook 2015). My health promotion program will give a clear guidance and resources about STDs and methods to prevent them. this health promotion program will also deal with the addiction problems by raising awareness. For the success of my health care program a culturally safe health promotion is significant. From my perspectives, cultural safe programs are vital in improving individual approval and therefore promote more actual and effective care towards the independence of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders. Imposing personal cultural views by any healthcare professional can be detrimental for the patient (Purnell 2014). As described by Hunt et al. (2015), a culturally safe health care program must embrace planned strategies and amenity delivery actions, documented measures to confirm cultural safety across all activities and service at all levels, courses to monitor, detection and appreciation of existing and emerging social and legal necessities of Indigenous communities. I totally agree with Hunt et al. (2015) and want to incorporate his recommendations in my health care program. A health promotion program titled the Stanford Chronic Disease Self-Management Program (CDSM) concerning three Aboriginal community of Queensland incorporated indigenous cultures and traditions, maintained conventional means of cultural communication, assisted participation and leadership of the Indigenous people in their program. These steps played a vital role in the accomplishment of this program within each community, ultimately enhanced its efficiency, satisfactoriness, and sustainability (Barnett and Kendall 2011). Another aim of my health promotion program is to raise awareness among the fellow practitioners. This program will include administration committee fellows, all staff members, and volunteers. After the end of this program, I want to conduct client satisfactory surveys which will document the feedbacks from the patients and their family members. Connecting local Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, families and communities with the program is a great challenge to me. These people do not open themselves easily in front of the health professionals. For many Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people, it is difficult to approach healthcare professionals due to the humiliation associated with the STDs. Eighty percent of STDs among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people are residing in isolated and very remote areas due to the shortage of amenities and edification. Language is also a big barrier for this health promotion program. Conducting sexual health service programs and campaigns can be challenging in remote Aboriginal populations (Hengel et al. 2014). To overcome all of this challenges and barriers a self-determination of the patients and their family is essential. Self-determination and will make them understand that they can exercise the same rights as all citizen and they should get the fundamental healt h benefits. I want to raise awareness among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities about STDs so that their decision-making power will be improved. Self-determination requires programs and resources that can contribution in rebuilding their own decision-making abilities (Richardson and Stanbrook 2015). My health promotion program and strategies need the involvement of some important stakeholders for its success. This program cannot be accomplished without the collaboration between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities and non-indigenous Australians. For this health promotion to be successful, the residents of Australia need to put the past between indigenous and non-indigenous inhabitants behind and collaborate as equivalents (Wise et al. 2012). This collaboration will help to close the wellbeing and life expectation gap between Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples and non-Indigenous Australians (Demaio et al. 2012 and Humanrights.gov.au, 2016)). The focus of my program will be in the arrangement in the framework of raising STD awareness in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and to reduce health discrimination. Next aim of my program is to raise awareness about drug and alcohol abuse among the young indigenous population. It will be joined by a wide range of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander and non-Indigenous stakeholders, along with Australian Governmental and legislative body. Conclusion The irregular circulation of health services and lack of health promotion programs mainly in the countryside and remote zones, and absence of free, youth-oriented and culturally safe health facilities all together impact on the health of Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander populations. My strategy is to address the identified barriers to access by confirming that they are culturally applicable, unrestricted, approachable and are available at accessible times. This program will also have the capacity to deliver concealment and program arrangements. Patient satisfactory surveys will be conducted to maintain a connection with them and make avail more health services for these people. I will make sure that my health promotion program will be culturally safe from every aspect. I hope that this program will help me to build self-determination and closing the gap. STDs are a major intimidation to the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people. By raising awareness about STDs I hope I wi ll be able to decrease the rate of infection and associated mortality to some extent. References Barnett, L. and Kendall, E., 2011. Culturally appropriate methods for enhancing the participation of Aboriginal Australians in health-promoting programs.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,22(1), pp.27-32. Demaio, A., Drysdale, M. and De Courten, M., 2012. Appropriate health promotion for Australian Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities: crucial for closing the gap.Global health promotion,19(2), pp.58-62. Hengel, B., Guy, R., Garton, L., Ward, J., Rumbold, A., Taylor-Thomson, D., Silver, B., McGregor, S., Dyda, A., Knox, J. and Kaldor, J., 2014. Barriers and facilitators of sexually transmissible infection testing in remote Australian Aboriginal communities: results from the Sexually Transmitted Infections in Remote Communities, Improved and Enhanced Primary Health Care (STRIVE) Study.Sexual health,12(1), pp.4-12. Humanrights.gov.au. (2016).Close the Gap: Indigenous Health Campaign | Australian Human Rights Commission. Hunt, L., Ramjan, L., McDonald, G., Koch, J., Baird, D. and Salamonson, Y., 2015. Nursing students' perspectives of the health and healthcare issues of Australian Indigenous people.Nurse education today,35(3), pp.461-467. Kong, M. and Ward, J., 2015. HIV and sexually transmissible infections among Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people: summary of the latest surveillance data.Fire in the belly: the call to action on HIV from Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities, p.19. Li, M. and McDermott, R., 2015. Smoking, poor nutrition, and sexually transmitted infections associated with pelvic inflammatory disease in remote North Queensland Indigenous communities, 1998-2005.BMC women's health,15(1), p.1. Purnell, L.D., 2014.Guide to culturally competent health care. FA Davis. Richardson, L. and Stanbrook, M.B., 2015. Caring for Aboriginal patients requires trust and respect, not courtrooms.Canadian Medical Association Journal,187(3), pp.162-162. Wise, M., Massi, L., Rose, M., Nancarrow, H., Conigrave, K., Bauman, A. and Hearn, S., 2012. Developing and implementing a state-wide Aboriginal health promotion program: the process and factors influencing successful delivery.Health Promotion Journal of Australia,23(1), pp.25-29.

The Parthenon in Athens Essay Example For Students

The Parthenon in Athens Essay The Parthenon in Athens is perhaps one of the greatest architectural achievements by the Athenians. After being repeatedly demolished, the Parthenon stood as a â€Å"symbol of Greek independence, culture, and pride†(111 Thames Hudson). In 447 BC. Pericles promoted building the Parthenon on the remains of an earlier temple on the Acropolis. The proposal of the Parthenon pleased the Athenians because â€Å"it served as much as a celebration of Athens and her achievements as it did as a centre to worship the goddess Athena†(111 Thames Hudson). The new temple to Athena was â€Å"sacked by the Persians†(187 Abrams), so Kimon of Athens hired Callicrates to again begin rebuilding the temple to Athena. But, Pericles temporarily halted construction to commission another architect, Ictinos. So, together Callicrates and Ictinos â€Å"made many subtle adjustments in the lines of the structure and the placement of columns to refine the design and possibly to counteract the effects of various optical illusions that would otherwise seem to distort its (The Parthenon) appearance when it was viewed from a distance†(188 Abrams). We will write a custom essay on The Parthenon in Athens specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now This is why the Parthenon is so achtecturaly amazing. Besides its shear size, the materials used were very heavy and difficult to work with, yet the Parthenon interior cella and exterior and astoundingly flawless. With the exception of the timber roof supports, the entire Parthenon was built from marble â€Å"from the quarries of Mt. Pentelicon†(112 Thames Hudson). After such struggles, it is not hard to imagine why the Parthenon was so important to the Athenians.

Biography of Zelda Fitzgerald, Jazz Age Icon and Author

Biography of Zelda Fitzgerald, Jazz Age Icon and Author Born Zelda Sayre, Zelda Fitzgerald (July 24, 1900  Ã¢â‚¬â€œ March 10, 1948) was an American writer and artist of the Jazz Age. Although she produced writing and art on her own, Zelda is best known in history and in popular culture for her marriage to F. Scott Fitzgerald and her tumultuous battle with mental illness. Fast Facts: Zelda Fitzgerald Known For:  Artist, author of Save Me The Waltz, and wife of author F. Scott FitzgeraldBorn:  July 24, 1900  in Montgomery, AlabamaDied:  March 10, 1948 in Asheville, North CarolinaSpouse:  F. Scott Fitzgerald (m. 1920-1940)Children:  Frances Scottie Fitzgerald Early Life The youngest of six children, Zelda was born to a prominent Southern family in Montgomery, Alabama. Her father, Anthony Sayre, was a powerful justice on the Alabama Supreme Court, but she was the darling of her mother, Minerva, who spoiled young Zelda. She was an athletic, artistic child, equally interested in her ballet lessons and in spending time outdoors. Although she was a clever student, Zelda was mostly uninterested in her studies by the time she reached high school. Beautiful, spirited, and rebellious, Zelda became the center of her young social circle. As a teenager, she already drank and smoked, and enjoyed causing minor scandals by doing things like dancing â€Å"flapper† style or swimming in a tight, flesh-toned bathing suit. Her brash, daring nature was even more shocking because women of her social status were expected to be genteel and quiet. Zelda and her friend, future Hollywood actress Tallulah Bankhead, were frequently the topic of gossip. As a girl or a teenager, Zelda began to keep diaries. These journals would later prove to be the earliest signs of her creative mind, containing much more than a rote record of her social activities. In fact, excerpts from her early journals would eventually appear in iconic works of American literature, thanks to her relationship with a soon-to-be legendary novelist: F. Scott Fitzgerald. The Fitzgeralds In the summer of 1918, Zelda first met the 22-year-old Scott when he was stationed on an Army base just outside of Montgomery. Their first meeting, at a country club dance, would later be the basis for the first meeting between Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan in The Great Gatsby. Although she had several suitors at the time, Zelda quickly came to favor Scott, and they grew close over a shared worldview and their similarly creative personalities. Scott had big plans, and he shared them with Zelda, who became equal parts muse and kindred spirit. She inspired the character of Rosalind in This Side of Paradise, and the novel’s closing monologue is taken directly from her journals. Their romance was interrupted in October 1918, when he was reassigned to a base in Long Island, but the war soon ended and he returned to Alabama within a month. Scott and Zelda became deeply involved, and wrote to each other constantly after he moved to New York City in early 1919. They married in 1920, despite some objections from Zelda’s family and friends over his drink and his Episcopalian faith. That same year, This Side of Paradise was published, and the Fitzgeralds became notorious on the New York social scene, embodying the excesses and brilliance of the Jazz Age. In 1921, just before Scott’s second novel was finished, Zelda became pregnant. She gave birth to their daughter, Frances â€Å"Scottie† Fitzgerald in October 1921, but motherhood did not â€Å"tame† Zelda into a quiet domestic life. In 1922, she was pregnant again, but the pregnancy did not make it to term. Over the next couple of years, Zelda’s writing began to appear as well, mostly sharply-written short stories and magazine articles. Although she joked about her writing being â€Å"borrowed† for Scott’s novels, she did resent it too. After their co-written play The Vegetable flopped, the Fitzgeralds moved to Paris in 1924. Together in Paris The Fitzgeralds’ relationship was in a complicated state by the time they reached France. Scott was absorbed with his next novel, The Great Gatsby, and Zelda fell for a dashing young French pilot and demanded a divorce. Zelda’s demands were met with dismissal from Scott, who locked her in their house until the drama passed. In the months following, they returned mostly to normal, but in September, Zelda survived an overdose of sleeping pills; whether the overdose was intentional or not, the couple never said. Zelda was often ill around this time, and in late 1924, Zelda was unable to continue her traveling lifestyle and instead began painting. When she and Scott returned to Paris in the spring of 1925, they met Ernest Hemingway, who would become Scott’s great friend and rival. Although Zelda and Hemingway loathed each other from the start, Hemingway did introduce the couple to the rest of the Lost Generation expat community, such as Gertrude Stein. Increasing Instability Years passed, and Zelda’s instability grew – along with Scott’s. Their relationship turned volatile and more dramatic than ever, and both accused the other of affairs. Desperate for success of her own, Zelda took up the reins of her ballet studies again. She practiced intensely, sometimes for up to eight hours a day, and while she did have some talent, the physical demands (and the lack of support from Scott) proved too much for her. Even when she was offered a spot with an opera ballet company in Italy, she had to decline. Zelda was admitted to a French sanatorium in 1930 and bounced between clinics for physical and psychological treatments for around a year. When her father was dying in September 1931, the Fitzgeralds returned to Alabama; after his death, Zelda went to a hospital in Baltimore and Scott went to Hollywood. While in the hospital, however, Zelda wrote a whole novel, Save Me The Waltz. The semi-autobiographical novel was her biggest work to date, but it infuriated Scott, who had planned to use some of the same material in his work. After Scott’s forced rewrites, the novel was published, but it was a commercial and critical failure; Scott also derided it. Zelda didn’t write another novel. Decline and Death By the 1930s, Zelda was spending most of her time in and out of mental institutions. She continued to produce paintings, which were tepidly received. In 1936, when Zelda seemingly disconnected from reality, Scott sent her to another hospital, this one in North Carolina. He then proceeded to have an affair in Hollywood with columnist Sheilah Graham, bitter about how his marriage to Zelda had turned out. By 1940, though, Zelda had made enough progress to be released. She and Scott never saw each other again, but they corresponded until his sudden death in December 1940. After his death, it was Zelda who became an advocate for Scott’s unfinished novel The Last Tycoon. She was inspired and began working on another novel, but her mental health declined again and she returned to the North Carolina hospital. In 1948, a fire broke out at the hospital, and Zelda, in a locked room awaiting an electroshock therapy session, did not escape. She died at the age of 47 and was buried alongside Scott. Posthumous Discovery The Fitzgeralds had been on the decline when they died, but interest quickly revived, and they became immortalized as the icons of the Jazz Age. In 1970, historian Nancy Milford wrote a biography of Zelda that suggested she had been every bit as talented as Scott, but had been held back by him. The book became a bestseller and was a finalist for the Pulitzer Prize, and it heavily influenced future perceptions of Zelda. Save Me The Waltz subsequently saw a revival as well, with scholars analyzing it on the same level as Scott’s novels. Zelda’s collected writings, including the novel, were compiled and published in 1991, and even her paintings have been re-appraised in the modern era. Several fictional works have depicted her life, including several books and a TV series, Z: The Beginning of Everything. Although perceptions continue to evolve, the Fitzgerald legacy – of which Zelda is most definitely a huge part – has become deeply engrained in American popular culture.   Sources: Cline, Sally.  Zelda Fitzgerald: Her Voice in Paradise. Arcade Publishing, New York, 2003.Milford, Nancy. Zelda: A Biography. Harper Row, 1970.Zelazko, Alicja. Zelda Fitzgerald: American Writer and Artist. Encyclopaedia Britannica, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Zelda-Fitzgerald.

Sicko Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Sicko - Assignment Example After seeing how well the universal healthcare programs worked for the people in Canada, England, France and Cuba, I would have to say that the program should become a norm for the United States as well. I truly believe that if it is implemented in the same manner as in those countries, then the system would actually work for us. Since we are already paying one of the highest taxes in the world, why not actually make that money work for the people paying for it by covering their healthcare costs? Granted that the cost subsidies would put the health insurance companies out of business and maybe the doctors will earn less under the system, but isnt the idea of healthcare to â€Å"help† people become well or prevent their illnesses? Isnt it the job of doctors to â€Å"do no harm† under the Hippocratic Oath? None of that is happening under the American system of healthcare at the moment so yes, it may not be cost-effective for the bottom line of the insurance companies and doctors who are used to fleecing their clients, but it is what will be in the interest of their patients and should therefore be done for them. I would definitely like to initiate the British form of universal healthcare in America. That is because nobody is turned away from the hospitals, the care is given without question, and the medicine is subsidized at a flat rate cost that is affordable to the working class and free to the retirees and jobless who do not stop needing medical care or medicines just because of their age or situations. That is why I would definitely be willing to sacrifice the quality of the healthcare for the quantity of the healthcare. Imagine, being able to get the tests that you need albeit in a schedule in Canda, while you need to wait for health insurance approval for the test in the United States and most likely get denied the procedure anyway. It seems like a no-brainer in that instance. The test will get done, you just need to wait your

Learning style Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Learning style - Essay Example Solitary is my best way of learning, where I carry out study on my own. Some prefer studying through social or group discussions among other styles. The reflection matches with mine since I have the unique learning style that I also prefer most, in addition, I also combine other learning styles as mentioned above. Generally, I prefer the use of solitary learning style which involves personal learning that does not involve the help of the other people. Personally, I am very shy to talk in front of other people, therefore, I do not feel comfortable in the other style like social which has to involve many people as well as the group discussions that will do have to contribute. Even though group discussions are good study habits, I do not participate so much when it comes to the group study. I do not speak so much in class, and I like keeping everything to myself, and fail to participate in the group discussion, or class participation like answering questions, demonstrations among others. Being a Non-American, I am afraid of raising my hand in front of other learners even when I know the answer because I feel they might laugh or mock me. Since I do not have the courage to face everyone, I do not contribute so much in class. Even though I do not interact so much with people, but I relate with very social friends. Physically, I enjoy playing with other people. Even though I do not talk too much, I use a lot of vocabulary to write (Erickson, p 12). My current study habit is that reading on my own in a quiet place, by so doing, I realize that I utilize my time well when I am seriously studying alone than when being with others. In fact, I sometimes prefer locking myself alone in the room to avoid external distractions. In my current study, I find it not working well with my learning style since; I realize that I need to combine a number of my learning style in order to achieve my objectives. I would prefer to adopt group

The Democratic Stalemate in Egypt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Democratic Stalemate in Egypt - Essay Example Democratization is therefore the process through which any given political system that has never been democratic becomes democratic. This enables the citizens in the participation of the election of their leaders through a free and fair election. The citizens are also able to freely participate in the countries civic and political duty without intimidation and their rights are fully protected hence they are able to freely operate within the borders of their country (Gelvin 24). Despite, this they must be aware that the laws are applicable to each one of them equally without discrimination. For a long time the freedom of the Egyptians had been curtailed due to the autocratic rule that their previous leaders bestowed on them. The media was not allowed to freely express the wishes of the people leave alone to criticize the government policies and their leaders (Sayigh 12). The political involvement both in terms of competition and voting has never been liberalized, as the ruling party h as gained excessive power and dominance hence denying other parties political space. Democracy has never existed in areas where there is no freedom of worship through religion or without the freedom of expression whether popular or unpopular. According to democratic theorists, democracy is always quite parallel within a command economy. These calls for a situation where the rights of the minority are also protected while empowering the citizens economically and the powers of the government must as well be made limited (Stabile). Literature review The slow pace in the Egyptian democratization process had been largely because of the existence of the Mubarak state due to the autocratic Mubarak rule for quite a long time. The shout of the Egyptians and the â€Å"Arab spring† has been on the international media portraying the need by the Egyptians for a democratic state. This process has though been thwarted by a series of factors and reasons which such media has not given any for m of consideration. According to Gelvin (24) these are the factors that have made it hard for the rule of Mubarak to be ousted off power not until the revolution by the Egyptian people came into effect to overturn such a government. Due to the existence of a variety of political, economic and other socio cultural factors could not make it visible that Egypt would move from its volcanic upheaval of the twentieth century to near democracy in the second half of the 21st century. Partly, the bright democratic future of Egypt has been made dull by the political monopoly of the ruling class, the excessive powers bestowed upon the state to prevent intended reforms. As stated by Katz (166)The powers are as a result of the existence of the loyal bureaucratic structures and use of public security forces for the benefit of the government. The other factor is the existence of the Islamic forces that are quite radical who act in a vacuum due to the lack of well strengthened institutions. Economi cally, Egypt largely depends on local consumption hence the needed role and impacts of the foreign trade are not a factor that can control autocracy, if in case then the foreign countries need the Egyptians more that the Egyptians need them (Gelvin 27). The countries also experiences and complete absence of an economy that is market driven, this has made it possible that the local population is extremely impoverished